MINING METHOD

Pneumoconiosis - This is a lung discase caused by inhalation of coal dust laden air over long periods of time(Some years) When a man breathes dusty air, coal dust particles coarser than 7 micron size(1 micron =1/1000mm)are held up in the upper respiratory tract but various percentage of particles of other sizes reach the lung.Some of these cling to the lung surface forming nodules and render some area inactive.On repeated inhalation in such air over extend periods of time,more and more area is involved,causing shortness of breath and weakness.Grandually the man loses total energy to work.It renders the man prone to bronchitis and T.B.also. So far no satisfactory cure of this disease could be found.Hence the only option is prevention.As per the Mines Rules mine workers are subjected to initial and periodic (5years)medical examination,and the X-ray plates are checked to detect the disease in early stage.If necessary his work place is changed to limit the exposure to dust.Under the Mi...

Hydraulic Stowing can not effective in the case of flat and shallow seam.At these case hand packing preferable. Hydraulic Stowing is used where the mines situated within the 15km from the river. 1.3tonne of sand required for one tonne of coal extracted from virgin area.2.5tonne of sand required for one tonne of coal extracted from old working.1.4tonne of sand is required for every tonne of coal in L/W advancing. 1.8tonne of sand is required for every ton of coal extraction from depillaring.the water supply by 125mm.dia water pipe for Stowing purpose in the mixing chamber.The sand bunkers have a capacity of two days requirement of sand and water tank.The screen is provided in mixing cone to prevent pebbles of stone larger than 25 mm size.The life of C.I. pipe 4lac te.of sand for 20mm.thick wall and 8lac for25mm. thick wall.In the shaft the Stowing pipe is  supported on steel pipe placed every 30 to 40m apart.For one tonne sand required 1.5to2tonne of water for Stowing purpose. For o...

Every walkable entrance from surface shall be provided with a substantial gate.The gate shall be kept closed and locked when there are no person below ground. Entrance not in use for entry or exit shall be permanently closed in a manner to effectively prevent person from entering.                                                                            portion of excavation within 15m of a public road or any building,surface areas which have subsided,and surface areas likely to subside,shall be kept securely fenced.              Entrance to-  shafts  staple pits  sumps goaves,and   other dangerous places shall  be provided with a fence,barrier or gate which will effectively prevent person entering or falling therin. Entrance fr...

  No person shall be employed or be permitted to enter or remain for purposes of employment,in any Working below ground unless the working is provided with at least two shafts,incline or other outlets to the surface.with which every seam or section for the time being at work has a communication so as to afford separate means of ingress and egress to the persons employed therin; which do not have their surface opening in the same bulding and which are under the sole control of the manager:                                                                            Provided that the chief inspector may by an order in writing and subject to such conditions as he may specify therein,permit the employment below ground if person even in a case where the two shaft,inclines or outlet are not under the co...

Liquid oxygen explosive shall not be used in u/g.Only catridge from explosive should used in mines.NO container shall contain 5kg of explosive and person not more carry than1 container. Provide that by order of CI larger quantity of explosive shall be carried in a single container.For solid blasting in coal$for drivage though rock permission to carry more than5kg explosive.At the reserve station the container shall be not less than10meter.apart of detontor also keep not less than 10m.away from the expive container.No person other than shot firer and also helper should be present with in a distance of 10m.Where priming is done.The explosive in bunk shall be transported to the site of blasting not more than 30min,before the commencement of charging the hole.Not more than200detontor are transported in a vehicle at a time. Explosive vehicle marked with the world Explosive in red letters not less than 25cm on a white background. Explosive vehicle shall not be driven at a speed exceeding 25k...

 Every competent person shall be subject to order of superior officials,and shall not#deputy another person to perform his work without the sanction of his superior official.*absent him self with out having previously obtained permission from such official for the torm of his absence or without having been relieved by a duly COMPETENT person and without permission from such offical perfrom during his shift any duty other than those for which he has been appointed.